Affirmative Action in the Public and Private Sectors Essay

Running head: AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PAPER Affirmative Action in the Private and Public Sector University of Phoenix Employment Law HRM/ 434 CWH09HRM06 Mr. Jemal K. Yarbrough August 18, 2009 Affirmative Action in the Private and Public Sector Introduction Affirmative Action is constantly seen as an unfair intentional treatment to classes not protected by anti-discrimination laws. This paper will describe the elements of affirmative action and how it applies to employees in the private and public sector. It will also show how affirmative action interacts with Title VII requirements of Equal Employment Opportunity. Why Affirmative Action By Definition affirmative action is the intentional inclusion of women and†¦show more content†¦The plan code was created with the intention to help employers manage their responsibilities under the executive order and for them to embrace it as a form to conduct business. Affirmative action plans outline how the employer plans to ensure an anti-discrimination workplace, which can include a number of ways of how to do it. With the changes to the regulations of affirmative action plans in 2000, it made plans more balanced, by allowi ng plans â€Å"contain a diagnostic component to include an analysis that evaluates the composition of the workforce and compare it to the composition of the relevant labor pools.† (Bennett-Alexander, Hartman, 2007 , Pg 11 para 2). This means that the plans will be developed to include a study of their labor pool and their current workforce to understand and determine if there are underutilization of minorities within their geographic population. In addition the plans are also designed to include internal auditing and reporting systems to measure any progress toward achieving a balance in workforce, as described in their plan of action. Also the plans contain the procedures and actions the employers will take to ensure that qualified applicants and employees receive fair treatment in employment terms. The plans must show quantities and qualitative aspects, meaning the plan must show analysis of the workplace as it is, to identify if the minorities that exist areShow MoreRel atedAffirmative Action1160 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Marlene S. Smith MGT/434 October 28, 2013 Thomas Affirmative Action Affirmative action is an action that was purposefully designed to provide full and equal opportunities for employment and education for women, minorities, and other individuals belonging to disadvantaged groups. This paper will assess the rudiments of Affirmative Action as it applies to public and private sector employers. The paper will also evaluate what employers are subject to affirmative actionRead MoreIs Diversity Is The Great Issue Of Our Time ( Macdeo, 2000, P.1 ) Essay887 Words   |  4 Pagesprohibited in the Constitution. Despite the legal mandate, racism is evident in the society; racism has been a part of the society for five centuries and still exists in overt and covert forms. Despite positive developments in the higher education sector, underrepresented social groups are far behind than their counter parts White and Asian students. Among 18 to 24 years old student groups enrolled in college by 2004, the highest access was 60.3 per cent in Asian/Pacific Islander and 4 1.7 per centRead MoreIndia Caste System1441 Words   |  6 Pagesceremonies to purify himself from the pollution. II) Solutions to reduce discriminations Indias current controversy recalls the decades-long debate over affirmative action in the U.S., where the concept was introduced in the 1960s in an effort to remedy the effects of centuries of racial injustice and gender discrimination. Affirmative action programs in college admissions and employment have often been an inflammatory issue, raising objections from those who believe that it results in reverseRead MoreAffirmative Action : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesWHAT IS AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Affirmative action can be described as positive discrimination. It is an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education. Affirmative action means taking positive steps to end discrimination, to prevent its recurrence, and to creative new opportunities that were previously denied minorities and women. Affirmative action itself has been defined as any measure, beyond simple termination of a discriminatoryRead MoreAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions?1028 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions? When people think of affirmative action programs, they generally think of programs that give preference to candidates based on gender or race. However, one of the most vital affirmative action programs in the United States is the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program (DVAAP). 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Hardly a week goesRead MoreAffirmative Action1075 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Sharon Huntington University of Phoenix MGT 434 Teresa Knox September 13, 2010 Affirmative Action According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"affirmative action means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded† (Fullinwider, 2009). The following paragraphs will discuss whatRead MoreAffirmative Action : Discrimination And Discrimination910 Words   |  4 PagesFirst affirmative action refers to policies offering compensation to groups formerly targeted for discrimination and identified along social cleavages - racial groups in the United States and South Africa, and religious groups in Northern Ireland. Affirmative action is a federally mandated program for federal contractors as it relates to employment. Civil rights result from a series of federal and state civil rights laws and provide protection from discrimination and harassment on a variety of basesRead MoreThe Employment Laws1657 Words   |  7 Pagescases that violate th e employee-at-will doctrine, and this has created action in the late twentieth century. Many states are abandoning the at-will doctrine and an increase in protection of employee rights at work under a variety of theories including tort, contract, and property theories (Cornell, 2013). This has created alternative means of compensation has resulted with a steady drop in union membership in the private sector (Cornell, 2013). Contractors vs. Employees It is important to note thatRead MoreAffirmative Action : Gender Action Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action (ADD PROPER INTRO) Affirmative action, in its broadest sense, are attempts to help create labor and educational opportunities for groups that have been disadvantaged in the past. (Miriam Webster). Evidence has shown that throughout history, many groups have been discriminated against, and because of past (discriminations?), they continue to experience obstacles in areas of hiring, promotion, renting, buying, gaining education, and everyday economic activities. Thus, affirmative

Union General William Tecumseh Shermans Carolina Campaign...

Union General William Tecumseh Sherman’s Carolina campaign during the American Civil War led to the capital of South Carolina in the city of Columbia in early 1865. Sherman was employing a new military strategy of total war, in which he considered the civilian population and their property as military targets. Upon hearing of Sherman’s march toward Columbia, the Confederate cavalry General Wade Hampton faced the reality that Columbia would be lost to Sherman. The question for Hampton was how to prepare for the invasion of Columbia with a focus on the disposition of supplies ranging from cotton, food, and alcohol, to military-related supplies such as ammunition, rifles, and cannons. It was both obvious and imperative to the Confederacy that the Union could not take possession of these supplies, since this would simultaneously help the Union and seriously hurt the Confederacy. Additionally, the presence of the cotton would make the potential of fire a real danger for the citizenry and the buildings in which they lived, worked, gathered, and prayed. Confederate General Wade Hampton unsuccessfully employed the tenants of the current U.S. Army mission command philosophy during the Union General Sherman’s campaign through South Carolina. Hampton’s failure to follow the yet to be written philosophy of mission command both before and during Sherman’s occupation of Columbia directly destroyed what little chance of winning the war the South may have clung to. Conversely, GeneralShow MoreRelatedShermans march to the Sea1391 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Title: Sherman’s March to the Sea Name: Institution: Name of Facilitator: Course Name and Number: Date: Abstract This paper describes a campaign that helped decide the American Civil War. 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Is411 Study Guide Free Essays

string(166) " be divided to prevent a person or a small group of collaborating people from inappropriately controlling multiple key aspects of a process and causing harm or loss\." Study Guide IS 411 Security Policies and Implementation Issues A perfect policy will not prevent all threats. Key to determining if a business will implement any policy is cost. Policies support the risk assessment to reduce the cost by providing controls and procedures to manage the risk. We will write a custom essay sample on Is411 Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now A good policy includes support for incident handling. Pg 15 Policy may add complexity to a job but that is not important. Unmanageable complexity refers to how complex and realistic the project is. The ability of the organization to support the security policies will be an important topic. Pg 105 Who should review changes to a business process? Policy change control board, minimally you should include people from information security, compliance, audit, HR, leadership from other business units, and Project Managers (PMs). Pg 172 ————————————————- Policy – a document that states how the organization is to perform and conduct business functions and transactions with a desired outcome. Policy is based on a business requirement (such as legal or organizational) ————————————————- ———————————————— Standard – an established and proven norm or method, which can be a procedural standard or a technical standard implemented organization -wide ————————————————- ————————————————- Procedure – a written statement describing the steps required to implement a process. Procedures are technical steps taken to achieve policy goals (how-to document) ————————————————- ————————————————- Guideline – a parameter within which a policy, standard, or procedure is suggested but optionalpg 11-13 Resiliency is a term used in IT to indicate how quickly the IT infrastructure can recover. Pg 279. The Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is the measurement of how quickly individual business processes can be recovered. Recovery Point Objectives (RPOs) is the maximum acceptable level of data loss from the point of the disaster. The RTO and RPO may not be the same value. Pg 287 Policies are the key to repeatable behavior. To achieve repeatable behavior you just measure both consistency and quality. Oversight phases to operational consistency: * Monitor * Measure * Review * Track * Improve pg 40 Find ways to mitigate risk through reward. Reward refers to how management reinforces the value of following policies. An organization should put in place both disciplinary actions for not following policies and recognition for adhering to policies. This could be as simple as noting the level of compliance to policies in the employee’s annual review. Pg 78 Domain | Key policies and controls| User | Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)E-mail policyPrivacy policy – covers physical securitySystem access policy – IDs passwordsAuthorization – Role Base Access Control (RBAC)Authentication – most important| Workstation| Microsoft system center configuration manager: * Inventory – tracks LAN connections * Discovery – detects software and info installed for compliance * Patch – current patches installed * Help desk – remote access to diagnose, reconfigure, reset IDs * Log – extracts logs to central repository * Security – ensures users have limited rights, alerts added administer accounts| LAN| Hub – connects multiple devicesSwitch – can filter trafficRouter – connects LANs or LAN-WANFirewall – filters traffic in and out of LAN, commonly used to filter traffic from public internet WAN to private LANFlat network – has little or no control to limit network trafficSegmented – limi ts what and how computers are able to talk to each other by using switches, routers, firewalls, etc. | LAN-WAN| Generally, routers and firewalls are used to connect LAN-WAN. Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) provide a public-facing access to the organization, such as public websites. DMZ sits between two layers of firewalls to limit traffic between LAN-WAN| WAN| Unsecure public Internet. Virtual Private Network (VPN) secure and private encrypted tunnel. Firewalls have capability to create and maintain a VPN tunnel. Lower cost, save time for small to medium companies with VPN instead of leased line| Remote Access| Enhanced user domainRemote authentication – two factor * Something you know (id/password) * Something you have (secure token) * Something you are (biometric)VPN client communicates with VPN hardware for tunneling, client-to-site VPN:Maintains authentication, confidentiality, integrity and nonrepudiation. | System/Application| Application software is the heart of all business applications. Application transmits the transaction to server. Data Loss Protection (DLP) or Data Leakage Protection (DLP) refers to a program that reduces the likelihood of accidental or malicious loss of data. DLP involves inventory, perimeter (protected at endpoints) and encryption of mobile devices. Pg 67| Motivation – pride (work is important), self-interest (repeat behavior rewarded, most important pg 326), and success (winning, ethical, soft skills). Pg 91 Executive management support is critical in overcoming hindrances. A lack of support makes implementing security policies impossible. Listen to executive needs and address in policy. Pg 341 Security policies let your organization set rules to reduce risk to information assets. Pg 22. Three most common security controls are: * Physical – prevent access to device * Administrative – procedural control such as security awareness training * Technical – software such as antivirus, firewalls, and hardware pg 27 Information System Security (ISS) is the act of protecting information and the systems that store and process it. Information Assurance (IA) focuses on protecting information during process and use. Security tenets known as the five pillars of the IA model: * Confidentiality * Integrity * Availability * Authentication * Nonrepudiation Policy must be clearly written. Unclear purpose refers to the clarity of value a project brings. In the case of security policies, it’s important to demonstrate how these policies will reduce risk. It’s equally important to demonstrate how the policies were derived in a way that keep the business cost and impact low. Pg 104 ———————————————— Head of information management is the single point of contact responsible for data quality within the enterprise. —————————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ————————————————- Data stewards are individuals responsible for data quality with a business unit. ————————————————- ————————————————- Data administrators execute policies and procedures such as backup, versioning, up/down loading, and database administration. ————————————————- ————————————————- Data security administrators grant access rights and assess threats in IA programs. Pg 188 ————————————————- ————————————————- Information security officer identifies, develops and implements security policies. ————————————————- ————————————————- Data owners approves access rights to information. ————————————————- ———————————————â €”- Data manager responsible for procedures how data should be handled and classified. ————————————————- ————————————————- Data custodian individual responsible for day-to-day maintenance, grant access based on data owner, backups, and recover, maintain data center and applications. ————————————————- ————————————————- Data user end user of an application. ————————————————- ————————————————- Auditor are inter or external individual who assess the design and effectiveness of security policies. Pg 115 Separation of duty principle – responsibilities and privileges should be divided to prevent a person or a small group of collaborating people from inappropriately controlling multiple key aspects of a process and causing harm or loss. You read "Is411 Study Guide" in category "Essay examples" Pg 156 Internal control principle – information security forms the core of an organization’s information internal control systems. Regulations mandate that internal control systems be in place and operating correctly. Organizations rely on technology to maintain business records. It’s essential that such technology include internal control mechanisms. These maintain the integrity of the information and represent a true picture of the organization’s activities. Pg 155 Lines of defense in the service sector: 1. Business Unit (BU) deals with controlling risk daily, mitigate risk when possible. Develops long and short-term strategies, directly accountable. 2. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) program, team owns the risk process. Provides guidance to BU, aligns policies with company goals, oversight of risk committees and risk initiatives. 3. Independent auditor assures board and executive management the risk function is designed and working well. Pg 192 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects a person’s privacy. HIPAA defines someone’s health record as protected health information (PHI). HIPAA establishes how PHI can be collected, processed and disclosed and provides penalties for violations. Health care clearinghouses process and facilitate billing. Pg 50 Executive management is ultimately responsible for ensuring that data is protected. Information systems security organization enforces security policies at a program level. The team is accountable for identifying violations of policies. The front-line manager/supervisor enforces security policies at an employee level. Employees are responsible for understanding their roles and the security policies. They are accountable for following those policies. Employees can still be held liable for violations of the law. Employees can be prosecuted for illegal acts. Sampling of key roles to enforce security policies: * General counsel- enforces legal binding agreements * Executive management- implements enterprise risk management * Human resources- enforces disciplinary actions Information systems security organization- enforces polices at program level * Front-line manager/supervisor- enforces policies at employee level pg 366 A Privileged-level Access Agreement (PAA) is designed to heighten the awareness and accountability of those users who have administrative rights. Secur ity Awareness Policy (SAP) laws can outline the frequency and target audience. Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) defines the intended uses of computer and networks. A good AUP should accompany security awareness training. Pg 220 Auditors are feared Contractors comply with the same security policies as any other employee (such as an AUP). There may be additional policy requirements on a contractor such as special non-disclosure agreement and deeper background checks. Pg 215 Data Class| Class Description| Recovery Period| Examples| Critical| Data must be recovered immediately| 30 minutes| Website, customer records| Urgent| Data can be recovered later| 48 hrs| e-mail backups| Non-vital| Not vital for daily operations| 30 days| Historical records, archives pg 263| U. S. military classification – nation security information document EO 12356. * Top secret – grave damage to national security * Secret – serious damage to NS * Confidential – cause damage to NS * Sensitive but classified – confidential data under freedom of information act * Unclassified – available to the public A Business Continuity Plan (BCP) policy creates a plan to continue business after a disaster. Elements include key assumptions, accountabilities, frequency of testing and part includes BIA. Business Impact Analysis (BIA) purpose is to determine the impact to an organization in the event that key processes and technology are not available. Assets include critical resources, systems, facilities, personnel, and records. Pg 278 Desired results of the BIA include: * A list of critical processes and dependencies * A work flow of processes that include human req to recover key assets * Analysis of legal and regulatory requirements * A list of critical vendors and support agreements * An estimate of the maximum allowable downtime pg 286 Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) is the policies and documentation needed for an organization to recover its IT assets after a disaster (part of BCP). Pg 288 Governance – requires a strong governance structure in place. This includes formal reporting to the board of directors. Most boards receive formal GLBA reporting through the audit committee. The head of information security usually writes this report each quarter. Pg 51 An Incident Response Team (IRT) is specialized group of people whose purpose is to respond to major incidents. The IRT is typically a cross-functional (different skills) team. Pg 297. Common IRT members include: * Information technology SMEs * Information security representative * HR * Legal * PR * Business continuity representative * Data owner * Management * Emergency services (normally outside agency i. e. olice) pg 302 Visa requires its merchants to report security incidents involving cardholder data. Visa classifies incidents into the following categories: * Malicious code attacks * Denial of service (DOS) * Unauthorized access/theft * Network reconnaissance probe pg 299 Declare an incident, develop a resp onse/procedure to control the incident. Before a response can be formulated, a discussion needs to be made. This involves whether to immediately pursue the attacker or protect the organization. Having a protocol in advance with management can establish priorities and expedite a decision. It is important to have a set of responses prepared in advance. Allowing the attacker to continue provides evidence on the attack. The most common response is to stop the attack as quickly as possible. Pg 309 How do you collect data? A trained specialist collects the information. A chain of custody is established and documented. Digital evidence, take a bit image of machines and calculate a hash value. The hash value is essentially a fingerprint of the image. IRT coordinator maintains evidence log and only copies are logged out for review. Pg 311 Why do policies fail? Without cohesive support from all levels of the organization, acceptance and enforcement will fail. Pg 19 Which law allows companies to monitor employees? The Electronic Communication Privacy Act (ECPA) gives employers the right to monitor employees in the ordinary course of business. Pg 356 Policy enforcement can be accomplished through automation or manual controls. Automated controls are cost efficient for large volumes of work that need to be performed consistently. A short list of several common automated controls: * Authentication methods * Authorization methods * Data encryption * Logging events * Data segmentation * Network segmentation pg 361 Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) is a free download that can query systems for common vulnerabilities. It starts by downloading an up to date XML file. This file includes known vulnerabilities and release patches. Pg 378 Business Continuity Plan (BCP) sustain business during disaster Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) support strategic functions during disaster Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) plan to recover facility at alternate site during disaster Business Recovery Plan (BRP) recover operation immediately following disaster Occupant Emergency Plan (OEP) plan to minimize loss of life or injury and protect property from physical threat pg 292 Extra notes: There are two types of SAS 70 audits: * Type 1 – is basically a design review of controls. * Type II – includes type 1 and the controls are tested to see if they work. Pg 61 Governance, Risk management, and Compliance (GRC) and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) both to control risk. ERM takes a broad look at risk, while GRC is technology focused. GRC top three best frameworks are ISO 27000 series, COBIT, COSO. Pg 197 Incident severity classification: * Severity 4 – small number of system probes or scans detected. An isolated instance of a virus. Event handled by automated controls. No unauthorized activity detected. * Severity 3 – significant probes or scans. Widespread virus activity. Event requires manual intervention. No unauthorized activity detected. * Severity 2 – DOS detected with limited impact. automated controls failed to prevent event. No unauthorized activity detected. * Severity 1 – successful penetration or DOS attack with significant disruption. Or unauthorized activity detected. Pg 308 To measure the effectiveness include IRT charter goals and analytics. Metrics are: * Number of incidents * Number of repeat incidents (signifies lack of training) * Time to contain per incident (every incident is diff, least important) * Financial impact to the organization (most important to management) Glossary terms Bolt-on refers to adding information security as a distinct layer of control after the fact. Business Impact Analysis (BIA) a formal analysis to determine the impact in the event key processes and technology are not available. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) focuses on financial and risk management. Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) framework that brings together business and control requirements with technical issues. Detective control is a manual control that identifies a behavior after it has happened. Federal Desktop Core Configuration (FDCC) a standard image mandated in any federal agency. Image locks down the operating system with specific security settings. Firecall-ID a process granting elevated rights temporarily to resolve a problem. Flat network has little or no controls to limit network traffic. Information Technology and Infrastructure Library a framework that contains comprehensive list of concepts, practices and processes for managing IT services. IRT coordinator documents all activities during an incident, official scribe. IRT manager makes all the final calls on how to respond, interface with management. Non-disclosure Agreement (NDA) also known as a confidentiality agreement. Octave is an acronym for Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation. ISS framework consisting of tools, techniques, and methods. Pretexting is when a hacker outlines a story in which the employee is asked to reveal information that weakens the security. Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) NIST spec for how security software products measure, evaluate and report compliance. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system hardware and software that collects critical data to keep a facility operating. How to cite Is411 Study Guide, Essay examples

Great Gatsby Point of View Analysis Essay Example For Students

Great Gatsby Point of View Analysis Essay Outline1 The Main Peculiarities of Narration in the Great Gatsby2 Point of View in Fitzgerald’s Novel3 Nick Caraway as the Narrator4 Conclusion The Main Peculiarities of Narration in the Great Gatsby It is apparent that the point of view plays an important role in any novel as it influences the way readers understand and interpret the whole story. Point of view is usually expressed through a certain type of narration. A narrator in the novel is the one who tells the story, and it is defined by how the author chooses to portray information and opinions. Sometimes, the narrator provides insight into how the author views events and characters and reveals his/her personal opinions. In other cases, the narrator remains unprejudiced and does not provide any evaluations or visions. In The Great Gatsby, the narrator is Nick Caraway, one of the main characters of the story, who is present at almost every major event throughout the novel. Fitzgerald makes him a peripheral first-person narrator, and such a choice is not accidental. The matter is that even though Caraway is an important figure in the novel, he does not show his personal opinions and feelings vividly. As a result, in the story, he seems to be partially removed. Point of View in Fitzgerald’s Novel The readers see all the events through the prism of Caraway’s vision, and his point of view influences the readers’ interpretation of events. Such a technique is extremely effective in case of Great Gatsby’s tale because it helps to keep the readers in suspense from the beginning to the end. The matter is that the narrator is ignorant of any events and thoughts beyond what is told to him, and it makes the readers intrigued. Point of view is essential in The Great Gatsby. Although the readers perceive the events through the vision of Nick Caraway, the author does not impose his personal opinions on readers. Fitzgerald ensures that his character gives nothing away. As a result, the readers have to make conclusions themselves. Due to such a technique, the novel is very effective in entertaining readers and keeping them interested throughout the whole story. The manner of narration leaves the readers curious about what the characters of the story think and feel and gives an opportunity to make own conclusions and interpret the text differently. For example, at the end of the novel, the author tells about one gentleman’s statement concerning Gatsby’s death. This gentleman told that Gatsby got what he deserved. This statement makes readers think of how they feel about his death, whether they agree with the gentleman or pity Gatsby. Nick Caraway as the Narrator In The Great Gatsby, the character of Nick Caraway can be viewed as a kind of vehicle used to gather information about Gatsby. His character is particularly effective in describing all the â€Å"true colors† of Gatsby and his actions comprehensively. The matter is that he is a narrator and an innocent bystander simultaneously. At the same time, besides being extremely important for revealing the events in the novel, Nick Caraway is also a unique personality. He is different from all the other characters, who are primarily reckless people who do not care about others. Because of the fact that Nick’s values and behavior differ from his friends’ life principles and actions, he is an outsider in this society. Nevertheless, he is present at all most important events and turning points in the story. He witnesses the key scenes that help tell the readers everything about Gatsby from his point of view. .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 , .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 .postImageUrl , .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 , .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45:hover , .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45:visited , .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45:active { border:0!important; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45:active , .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45 .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8824e56c6ca4c9430bedaf64cba73f45:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The quiet american EssayNick is shown as an ever-present yet aloof narrator who describes everything in a logical and cool manner. He does not judge other people or impose his thoughts and values on readers. For example, he does not judge Gatsby for his immoral principles and actions. At the same time, he provides important details concerning the settings in which the key events occur as well as some general information and background regarding other characters. Being a present yet rather distanced narrator, Nick ensures that the readers have freedom in choosing their attitudes and forming personal opinions about characters and events. For instance, one of the most importa nt descriptions given by Nick Caraway is presented in an episode where Tom Buchanan hits Myrtle at the Manhattan apartment. He tells the readers what happens and remains logical and cool about what he witnesses. Finally, he simply leaves the apartment, and it emphasizes once more Nick’s being an aloof character. He is able to distance himself and his feelings from what is happening to give the readers an objective picture. Such a unique character as Nick Caraway makes the novel special and effective. As a narrator, he is aloof and ignorant of other characters’ hidden thoughts or motives. As a result, a reader is able to comprehend the events together with him Conclusion In his novel, Fitzgerald uses a specific type of narration. A narrator is a character of the story, Nick Caraway. He is an ever-present yet distant character, and he reveals all the important information about other characters to readers. Due to the fact that he does not reveal his personal opinions and doe not judge others, the readers are able to interpret the text according to their personal thoughts. As a result, the novel is intriguing and keeps readers in suspense from the beginning to the end. Point of view plays an extremely important role in Fitzgerald’s novel as the readers see the events from the narrators point of view. At the same time, Fitzgerald makes it possible for readers to develop personal points of view as the narrator remains unprejudiced and logical in his descriptions. In other words, readers are able to view each character from an objective and comprehensive perspective. At the same time, what is particularly significant is that the narrator is ignorant of the hidden subtexts and motives of actions as well as of other characters feelings and thoughts. It makes readers believe him and stay curious developing own assumptions.